The metal you pick affects how a laser cuts it, what settings you need and how the finished part looks. This article walks through the common choices and the factors that matter.
One point first. Cutting metal calls for a fiber laser. A CO₂ laser works on nonmetals such as acrylic, wood and leather, and it is not the tool for cutting or engraving bare metal. Ascent's fiber laser cutter cuts carbon steel, stainless steel, brass and aluminum, and the dual gantry cutter adds copper. For the difference between cutting and engraving, see laser engraving vs. laser cutting.
Common metals for laser work
Stainless steel. It resists corrosion and keeps a clean, polished look. It cuts well with a fiber laser and produces little debris, so it is a good choice for parts that have to be durable and look good.
Aluminum. It is light, soft and resistant to rust, which suits outdoor and decorative parts. Aluminum reflects laser light, so it needs the right settings for a clean cut. The Ascent fiber cutter can cut aluminum on dry compressed air instead of nitrogen, depending on the material, its thickness and the quality you need.
Brass and copper. These are popular for decorative and artistic parts. They conduct heat well and reflect laser light, so settings matter. Brass is softer and is often used for detailed designs.
Carbon steel. It is strong and affordable, and it is common in industrial parts and structures. It can rust, so plan a coating or other treatment after cutting.
What to consider when choosing a metal
- Thickness. Thicker metal needs more laser power and cuts more slowly. Check the cutting table for your machine. On the Ascent 5x10 cutter, for example, carbon steel goes up to 0.8 in. at 3000W and 1.0 in. at 4000W.
- Reflectivity. Brass, copper and aluminum reflect more of the beam. Use settings and a machine made for these metals.
- Heat conductivity. Metals that carry heat away quickly, such as copper, need the right settings to keep the cut consistent.
Finishing options
After cutting, you can add a finish for durability or looks. Options include powder coating, anodizing and polishing. Stainless steel often needs little finishing, and aluminum can be anodized for color and surface hardness. Carbon steel usually needs a coating to prevent rust.
Choosing equipment
Match the laser to the metal and the thickness. Ascent Lasers Pro can help you pick a cutter, and installation and training at your facility are included in the price. Contact us to talk about your parts.
