The metal you pick affects how a laser cuts it, what settings you need and how the finished part looks. This article walks through the common choices and the factors that matter.
One point first. Cutting metal calls for a fiber laser. A CO₂ laser works on nonmetals such as acrylic, wood and leather, and it is not the tool for cutting or engraving bare metal. Ascent's fiber laser cutters cut carbon steel, stainless steel, brass and aluminum, and the dual gantry cutter adds copper. For the difference between cutting and engraving, see laser engraving vs. laser cutting.
Common metals for laser work
Stainless steel. It resists corrosion and keeps a clean, polished look. It cuts well with a fiber laser and produces little debris, so it is a good choice for parts that have to be durable and look good.
Aluminum. It is light, soft and resistant to rust, which suits outdoor and decorative parts. Aluminum reflects laser light, so it needs the right settings for a clean cut. With the optional air compressor, the Ascent A-A Series can cut aluminum on compressed air instead of nitrogen, depending on the material, its thickness and the quality you need.
Brass and copper. These are popular for decorative and artistic parts. They conduct heat well and reflect laser light, so settings matter. Brass is softer and is often used for detailed designs.
Carbon steel. It is strong and affordable, and it is common in industrial parts and structures. It can rust, so plan a coating or other treatment after cutting.
What to consider when choosing a metal
- Thickness. Thicker metal needs more laser power and cuts more slowly. Check the cutting table for your machine. On the Ascent 5 x 10 ft cutters, for example, the reference figure for stable cutting in carbon steel is 16 mm (0.63 in) at 3 kW and 25 mm (0.98 in) at 6 kW.
- Reflectivity. Brass, copper and aluminum reflect more of the beam. Use settings and a machine made for these metals.
- Heat conductivity. Metals that carry heat away quickly, such as copper, need the right settings to keep the cut consistent.
Finishing options
After cutting, you can add a finish for durability or looks. Options include powder coating, anodizing and polishing. Stainless steel often needs little finishing, and aluminum can be anodized for color and surface hardness. Carbon steel usually needs a coating to prevent rust.
Choosing equipment
Match the laser to the metal and the thickness. Ascent Lasers Pro can help you pick a cutter, and shipping, installation and training at your facility are included in the price. Contact us to talk about your parts.
To see which laser suits each material, read our guide to choosing a CO₂ or fiber laser cutter by material.
